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Everything published so far, newest first. Each piece carries its sources and says where the evidence stops.
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Austria has prescribed it since 1996 with a dosing table by condition. Ten cerebrolysin papers are flagged retracted on PubMed, and the amount people inject at home stops exactly where the label's syringe limits stop, 5 mL into a muscle and 10 mL into a vein.
Neither founding paper mentions BDNF, three of the four were retracted in April 2025, and the same molecule went into a 554 person trial under another name and did not beat a dummy injection.
It was pulled out of rabbit blood in 1977 for what it did to a rabbit's brainwaves. When a Moscow group put DSIP and thirteen modified versions back into rabbits by the same route, the parent molecule did nothing to sleep that saline did not do.
The protein a cell makes from that gene is 315 amino acids long and carries no manufacturing tag, and when two anti doping laboratories opened seventeen vials sold under the name, eight held no follistatin at all.
No human has received it in any study I could find, every animal dose I could read is the one number picked in 2017, and the certificates I opened cannot separate the active molecule from its inert mirror image.
The case for putting it in a vein rests on seven people watched for four and a half hours. A six month trial of capsules found the opposite, and I found nobody selling infusions who quotes it.
Every number I could find attached to this compound came out of a mouse or a rat, fed in chow, put down a tube into the stomach, leaked from a pellet under the skin, or injected into the abdomen. I found no study, in any species, of the injection under the skin people buy.
One laboratory in every paper I found, male mice only, injected into the abdominal cavity. The 23 hour duration figure was measured on a different molecule, and the same group later reported the effect reverses direction with dose.
I found no published study giving it to a person, and none giving it to a live animal of any species, and the 25 percent growth figure that sells it came from injecting a gene.
Its inventors say the peptide was lifted out of a cattle brain cortex extract, not a pineal gland, and the only human study I found with a control arm and a dose sits inside a patent that lapsed in 2025.
Roughly 7,100 people were randomised and about 3,550 got the drug, all in heart surgery, and three separate infusion studies failed to move the enzyme it is sold for.
Mouse dosing stopped at 200 mg per kilogram because the compound would not dissolve any further, so what the record holds is a formulation limit rather than a safety ceiling.
The word lifespan in that title is carried by worms, and most of the rest of the record belongs to a mutant version of the peptide rather than the one sold in vials.
Five hours of infusion, at roughly ten times the blood carnitine the label calls normal, moved muscle carnitine by nothing unless insulin was also pinned high by a second drip. The only protocol I found that raised it outside that laboratory setup was 24 weeks of capsules taken with 160 grams of sugar a day.
The mice really did run about 70 percent longer, and the people who made the compound have written in print that it does not get from the gut into the blood.
The trial programme is real, large and mostly failed. For once the dose people run sits below what was studied rather than above it.
It is sold as a peptide and it is not one. I could not find a published human study, and the NAD+ rise and the fat loss were never measured in the same organism.
502 adults, 24 weeks, three doses against placebo, no separation on the primary endpoint. It is hGH 177-191 with a tyrosine on the front, one oxygen away from the fragment sold as 176-191, and neither of those records is this one's.
The single agent has its own trials and its own numbers, and they are about half the size of the ones quoted for it.
The only growth hormone secretagogue in this reference with a real label and printed adverse reaction rates. It is also the comparator in the pig study behind ipamorelin's selectivity claim, and reading it forced a correction to that entry.
Built before its receptor and before the body's own hormone for it were known. The effect people notice is hunger, and I could not find it measured in a single person.
Sixteen weeks under the skin at roughly the dose that circulates. The growth hormone response fell about 45 percent, and nothing downstream moved.
I could not find a human study of this peptide. The trials and the fat loss claims belong to AOD-9604, one oxygen atom away.
Sold on a 20 to 30 hour half-life, and cleared out of a virgin rat about eleven times faster than the hormone it copies.
The first GLP-1 and glucagon dual agonist approved anywhere. It is neither retatrutide nor tirzepatide, and the weight loss figure vendors quote came from a press release rather than the journal.
It came out of a Parkinson and Alzheimer programme that produced no drug, then took 10.6 percent off body weight in 24 weeks. The phase 3 that should have followed was never run, and the Mexican approval you will see quoted is contradicted by the sponsor's own releases.
The 266 person life extension trial, the 4.1 fold mortality figure and the Kiev follow up all used Epithalamin, a bovine pineal extract. The words Epithalon and Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly appear nowhere in that paper.
The copper peptide has a credible human research record. All of it was rubbed on skin, two of the three controlled trials found nothing, and I could not find a published study injecting it into a person.
More real research behind it than most of this category. The published trial missed its target, and the bigger one finished in 2014 and has never reported anything.
KPV is the last three building blocks of a natural body signal, and almost every claim made for it borrows that signal's reputation. One lab put the two side by side and the borrowing did not hold.
Four trials, forty-three men, all finished by 2000. Almost everything published in people since is a case report of something going wrong, which makes this the rare compound here with a safety file rather than an empty one.
I could find no study giving MOTS-c to a human. The one registry record saying otherwise was forged, and unlike its siblings it does not confess.
Enzymes on the outside of the cell take NAD+ apart before anything crosses the membrane, and only the fragments go in. Which leaves the drip as a delivery system for precursors, sold on evidence generated by swallowing precursors.
Vyleesi is approved for premenopausal women with low sexual desire. The dose men inject is that same number, lifted off a label whose own Limitations of Use rule them out by name.
The whole human record is three papers from the institutes that created the compound, tested against a sedative rather than a fake treatment, and not one reports a dose. The Semax it is sold alongside has never been given with it in any study.
Geref left the American market in 2009 because the company stopped selling it. FDA put that in writing four years later, and that one sentence is what the compounding industry stands on.
One indication, one population, and a label that calls it weight neutral. The dose everyone repeats belongs to a product that is no longer sold.
When independent labs tested what was actually in the vials, the answer was not slightly weak. In one set, there was no peptide in the vial at all.
The human trials tested a peptide chemically clipped to a blood protein. Strip that clip off, which is what most vendors sell, and there is not one peer-reviewed human study left.
This is the one category on this site where the drugs demonstrably work and the trials are enormous. Which is exactly why the risk has moved off the molecule and into the vial.
Three compounds sold as one system. I could find no study of any two of them together, and the confident version of each one rests on something that does not support it.
Merck's MK-0677 is Lumos Pharma's LUM-201, recruiting children right now at a dose worked out per kilogram. Everyone else takes a flat 25 mg, from one study in 1996.
The evidence here is large and mostly first rate. One ClinicalTrials.gov entry for it is a word for word copy of a study that ended in 2022, and it is the only record in its cluster with nothing on its face to give it away.
The agency excluded the entire Russian clinical literature on a translation rule, then judged effectiveness on two references. One was submitted by the nominator and concluded against the use it was submitted for.
An approved drug with placebo controlled phase 3 evidence in tens of thousands of people, and a ClinicalTrials.gov record that reproduces the biggest of those trials character for character, down to Eli Lilly's internal protocol code.
The two peptides recommended together more than any others. Neither has a completed human trial, and I could not find a single study of the pair.
The research everyone cites was run on thymosin beta-4. What is sold as TB-500 is seven amino acids cut out of it, and the FDA could not find a single published case of anyone giving it to a human.
The complete guide to knowing what is actually in your vial.
One of the most studied drugs of the past decade. The real questions are what is in the vial you bought, and whether you are allowed to have it.
The most popular recovery peptide has no published human trial, no known receptor, and a standard dose that looks like vial math.
How to work out what's actually in the syringe and how to check anyone else's numbers, including mine.
Heart disease, diabetes, Alzheimer's, and most of what we call getting old. Different diseases, same three roots.
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