Reference
Every compound covered here, at a glance. What people actually run, what a published trial actually administered, and the distance between the two.
These are not protocols and there is no dose to follow on this page. The numbers under “what circulates” are reported because they are what people use, not because anything here endorses them. Where a convention has no derivation behind it, the card says so. Each one links to the full entry, which carries the citations.
The most sold recovery peptide, and no receptor for it
What circulates
250 to 500 mcg per day
What was studied
About 117 mcg per day
Allometric scaling from the 10 µg/kg rat arm, FDA body surface method
Above the research
The convention sits above every scaled figure and has no published derivation. It is also exactly one twentieth and one tenth of a 5 mg vial.
Seven amino acids cut from a 43 amino acid peptide
What circulates
2 mg twice weekly, then weekly
What was studied
No human dose has ever been published
FDA found no article administering it to a human
Nothing to compare
There is nothing to compare against. Every mg/kg figure in circulation belongs to thymosin beta-4, which FDA states is not the same substance.
Approved, and the evidence is not the problem
What circulates
Prescription doses, often from grey market vials
What was studied
Large randomised placebo controlled trials
The strongest evidence base of anything on this site
Worth a closer look
The risk moved off the molecule and into the vial. Three tested vials were far less pure than claimed and simultaneously over label, so careful dosing meant overdosing.
Approved, with a cloned trial record on the registry
What circulates
Microdoses below 2.5 mg weekly
What was studied
5, 10 and 15 mg weekly
SURMOUNT-1, about a fifth of body weight at the top dose
Below the studied range
Microdosing was tested once. At the smallest dose people lost under a kilogram in six months.
Approved nowhere, and every vial is off supply chain
What circulates
0.25 to 1.5 mg starting, 4 mg maintenance
What was studied
Up to 12 mg weekly
Lilly phase 2, about a quarter of body weight at the top dose
Below the studied range
Trial results describe a molecule, not a vial. No approved version exists at any price, so there is no reference article to hold yours against.
Two human trials, and nobody has seen the second
What circulates
200 to 900 mcg per day, under the skin
What was studied
About 4.2 mg per day, into a vein
The published Helsinn trial, which missed its endpoint
Below the studied range
Five to twenty one times smaller, and by a route nobody has studied in a person. The smaller number is smaller in a unit no one has converted.
Two versions sold under one name
What circulates
1 to 2 mg per week, DAC version
What was studied
30 to 60 mcg/kg, about 2.25 to 4.5 mg
Teichman 2006, trials of 28 and 49 days
Below the studied range
A quarter to a half of one studied injection. Lower, not higher, and still a dose no trial administered.
In a Phase 3 for children and on the grey market at once
What circulates
10 to 25 mg once daily
What was studied
25 mg, the top of three arms
A 1996 dose ranging study in 32 people aged 64 to 81
Worth a closer look
The convention matches a studied dose, but one chosen for being the largest tried in 32 elderly people. Children in the active Phase 3 are dosed per kilogram. Nobody re-derived it for adults.
A Russian prescription drug, judged without its own literature
What circulates
500 to 3,000 mcg, usually injected
What was studied
800 to 8,000 mcg, up the nose
The Russian 0.1 percent label
Below the studied range
Below the label range and by a different route. Almost everything sold here is injected; every published study went intranasally.
Approved for one thing, at a dose that is no longer sold
What circulates
2 mg a day, from grey market vials, run in cycles
What was studied
2 mg a day, continuously, for 26 weeks to a year
Falutz 2007 in 412 adults with HIV, plus three later trials at the same dose
Worth a closer look
The number matches the dose in every published trial, and the product it was approved for is gone. What is sold as medicine now is 1.4 mg a day, and 1.28 mg in the version that replaced it, in formulations both labels call not substitutable. Every trial dosed continuously, and no published evaluation of the weeks on, weeks off cycling turned up.
Three Russian trials, and not one reports a dose
What circulates
900 mcg a day from the drops, 1,350 quoted by vendors
What was studied
No trial has ever reported a dose
Three Russian trials, 192 patients, no dose in any of them
Nothing to compare
There is nothing to compare against. None of the three trials reports a dose or a treatment length, so both circulating numbers came from somewhere other than a study: 900 mcg per day is a derivation from assuming 20 drops to a millilitre of the Russian nasal drops, and the 1,350 mcg per day that vendors attribute to the 2008 trial is absent from every primary source.
Every human study is a cream. It is sold in a vial.
What circulates
1 to 2 mg a day under the skin, some say 3
What was studied
No injection into a person that I could find
Every published human study applied it to skin, and the 1994 gel's strength is not stated
Nothing to compare
There is nothing to compare against, because I could not find a published study injecting it into a person by any route. The human evidence that does exist is a cream on a wound, and even the 2 percent strength quoted for it on vendor pages is not in the paper. The circulating numbers do match the syringe: at 25 mg/mL, 1 mg is 4 units, 2 mg is 8, 3 mg is 12.
The mouse data is good, the human trial is forged
What circulates
5 to 10 mg per dose, two or three times a week up to daily
What was studied
No human dose has ever been published
Every published dose is a mouse dose, 0.5 to 15 mg per kg per day
Nothing to compare
There is nothing to compare against. Every dose in the record was given to a mouse, into the abdominal cavity, and the one completed human trial used CB4211, a modified version rather than MOTS-c itself. Vendors say they reached the number by scaling the mouse doses by body surface area, and running that conversion on the 15 mg per kg dose does not land at 5 to 10 mg.
A gut treatment for rodents, sold as an injection
What circulates
200 to 400 mcg a day injected, 250 mcg twice daily by mouth
What was studied
No human dose has ever been published
The only figure in the literature is 16 mcg/kg/day in mice, by feeding tube
Nothing to compare
There is nothing to compare against. Scaling that mouse figure the standard way lands near 90 mcg a day for an adult, which puts the oral convention five to ten times above the only number the literature can carry, and that number came from a mouse getting nanoparticles down a feeding tube. The injected convention sits above nothing at all, because nobody has published an injection of KPV in any species.
The human evidence belongs to a cow gland extract
What circulates
10 mg a dose under the skin, 50 or 100 mg a course, one to two times a year
What was studied
0.5 mg a day, sprayed under the tongue
Ivko 2021, 20 women on a 20 day spray, the only randomised study of the four unit chain
Above the research
Twenty times the only dose the four unit chain has been given a person, and by a route no published study was found using. Trace the 10 mg and it lands on the 2003 extract trial, whose St Petersburg arm gave 10 mg into muscle daily for 10 days, 100 mg a course, digit for digit the circulating schedule. The agent in that trial was Epithalamin, a bovine pineal extract that FDA states is a different substance, and no vendor or clinic page was found deriving the 10 mg from any study of the chain itself.
The molecule in the bag never gets inside a cell
What circulates
250 to 1000 mg a session into a vein, 100 to 500 mg under the skin
What was studied
10 mg a day into a vein, for seven days
Yu 2026, 180 adults with damaged hearts, the only study sized for an outcome
Above the research
The 500 to 1500 mg the wellness industry infuses is fifty to a hundred and fifty times the 10 mg a day of the one adequately sized randomised trial, and above the 100 mg that is the highest registered intravenous human dose those searches found. I found no published human dose-finding or dose-response study of injected NAD+ by any route, and no published human study at all of the under the skin form. That convention traces to a 2014 conference poster with no peer-reviewed publication I could find.
Two approvals, neither for an adult, both gone in 2009
What circulates
200 to 300 mcg under the skin nightly, titrated toward 500 mcg
What was studied
2 mg nightly, or 2,000 mcg
Vittone 1997, the only adult treatment study the author could find, 11 men, six weeks, no control group
Below the studied range
The convention sits at about one seventh to one tenth of both figures it could be held against: the pediatric label dose of 30 mcg/kg scales to roughly 2,100 mcg in a 70 kg adult, and the one adult study used a flat 2 mg. Grey market doses normally drift upward. This one drifted down, and there is no approved adult labelling and no adult dose finding study behind it.
Three men for the tan, and a real safety file
What circulates
250 to 500 mcg daily to load, some to 1,000 mcg, then 500 mcg twice weekly or 250 mcg once or twice weekly
What was studied
0.025 mg/kg, about 1.75 mg for a 70 kg adult
Recommended by the 1996 phase I and used in all three later trials. Four trials, 43 men, 1996 to 2000.
Below the studied range
The convention sits below the tested amount rather than above it. The three later trials used 0.025 mg/kg, about 1.75 mg for a 70 kg adult, and the 1996 phase I ran 0.01 to 0.03 mg/kg, roughly 0.7 to 2.1 mg at that weight, so what circulates is between a seventh and a third of what anybody was given. I could not trace it to a derivation: one says the figures are extrapolated from the published research range and then names no publication, and another concedes the loading and maintenance models are community-derived.
Approved, and the label rules out the men buying it
What circulates
1.0 to 2.0 mg under the skin in men, reported as convention
What was studied
1.75 mg under the skin, in premenopausal women
Two phase 3 trials, NCT02333071 and NCT02338960, in 1,267 premenopausal women. The only published male efficacy doses under the skin were 4 mg and 6 mg, in men sildenafil had not helped.
Worth a closer look
The number matches, and unusually for this reference it is traceable. The 1.75 mg was lifted off the Vyleesi label, where it is the approved dose for premenopausal women and the top of a phase 2b trial that compared 0.75, 1.25 and 1.75 mg in 327 of them. That same label's Limitations of Use name men as a group the drug is not indicated for. No male dose-finding study supports the number, I could not find a published trial of any design giving a man the 1.75 mg subcutaneous dose, and against the only published male subcutaneous efficacy doses, 4 mg and 6 mg, the convention runs at roughly a third to a half.
19 of 65 compounds have an entry so far, 0 are being researched now, and 46 are queued. The whole list is here so you can see what is coming rather than guess.
A name on this list is not a recommendation and not a claim that anything works. Rows marked “not yet” have no entry, no verification and nothing behind them yet. They are on the list because people ask about them.
The SARMs are deliberately last. They are not peptides, they carry documented liver toxicity across the class, and they will be covered as one page about the research rather than eleven separate entries.
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